The jute industry · Chapter 29FIG. 26 COP WINDING MACHINE By permission of Messrs. Urquhart, Lindsay & Co., Ltd
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There are a few distinct methods of preparing warp threads on the weaver's beam. Stated briefly, the chief methods are--
1. The warp is made in the form of a chain on a warping mill,
and when the completed chain is removed from the mill it is
transferred on to the weaver's beam.
2. The warp is made in the form of a chain on a linking
machine, and then beamed on to a weaver's beam.
3. The warp yarns are wound or beamed direct from the large
cylindrical "rolls" or "spools" on to a weaver's beam.
4. The warp yarns are starched, dried and beamed
simultaneously on to a weaver's beam.
The last method is the most extensively adapted; but we shall describe the four processes briefly, and in the order mentioned.
For mill warping, as in No. 1 method, from 50 to 72 full spinning bobbins are placed in the bank or creel as illustrated to the right of each large circular warping mill in Fig. 27. The ends of the threads from these bobbins are drawn through the eyes of two leaves of the "heck," and all the ends tied together. The heck, or apparatus for forming what is known as the weaver's lease, drawer's lease, or thread-by-thread lease, is shown clearly between the bobbin bank and the female warper in the foreground of the illustration. The heck is suspended by means of cords, or chains, and so ranged that when the warping mill is rotated in one direction the heck is lowered gradually between suitable slides, while when the mill is rotated in the opposite direction the heck is raised gradually between the same slides. These movements are necessary in order that the threads from the bobbins may be arranged spirally round the mill and as illustrated clearly on all the mills in the figure. The particular method of arranging the ropes, or the gearing if chains are used, determines the distance between each pair of spirals; a common distance is about 1-1/2 in. There are about 42 spirals or rounds on the nearest mill in Fig. 27, and this number multiplied by the circumference of the mill represents the length of the warp.