Higher Lessons in English: A work on English grammar and composition · Chapter 92Sentences Classified with Respect to Form
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+DEFINITION.—A Simple Sentence is a sentence that contains but one subject and one predicate, either or both of which may be compound.+
+DEFINITION.—A Complex Sentence is a sentence composed of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.+
+DEFINITION.—A Compound Sentence is a sentence composed of two or more independent clauses.+
Analysis.
+Independent Clauses+ in the +same line+ of thought.
1. Light has spread, and bayonets think.
Light | has spread =======|============= | ' ' ' and ……. ' ' bayonets | ' think ===========|========== |
+Explanation+.—The clauses are of equal rank, and so the lines on which they stand are shaded alike, and the line connecting them is not slanting. As one entire clause is connected with the other, the connecting line is drawn between the predicates merely for convenience.
+Oral Analysis+.—This is a compound sentence because it is made up of independent clauses.
2. Hamilton smote the rock of the national resources, and abundant streams of revenue gushed forth. 3. Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.
+Independent Clauses+ expressing thoughts in +contrast.+
4. The man dies, but his memory lives. 5. Put not your trust in money, but put your money in trust. 6. Ready writing makes not good writing, but good writing brings on ready writing.
+Independent Clauses+ expressing thoughts in +alternation+.
7. Be temperate in youth, or you will have to be abstinent in old age. 8. Places near the sea are not extremely cold in winter, nor are they extremely warm in summer.
(Here a choice is denied.)
9. Either Hamlet was mad, or he feigned madness admirably.
(See (16), Lesson 20.)
+Independent Clauses+ expressing thoughts one of which is an +inference+ from the other.
10. People in the streets are carrying umbrellas, hence it must be raining. 11. I have seen, therefore I believe.
I | have seen ===|=========== | ' ' I | ' believe ===|='========= |\' \therefore
+Explanation+.—In such constructions and may be supplied, or the adverb may be regarded as the connective. The diagram illustrates therefore as connective.
+Independent Clauses+ joined in the sentence +without a conjunction+.
12. The camel is the ship of the ocean of sand; the reindeer is the camel of the desert of snow. 13. Of thy unspoken word thou art master; thy spoken word is master of thee. 14. The ship leaps, as it were, from billow to billow.
+Explanation+.—As it were is an independent clause used parenthetically. As simply introduces it.
15. Religion—who can doubt it?—is the noblest of themes for the exercise of intellect. 16. What grave (these are the words of Wellesley, speaking of the two Pitts) contains such a father and such a son!
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