Enquire within upon everything · Chapter 8Publisher's Preface (7)
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Instead of "They ruined one another," say "They ruined each other."
Instead of "If in case I succeed," say "If I succeed."
Instead of "A large enough room," say "A room large enough."
Instead of "This villa to let," say "This villa to be let."
Instead of "I am slight in comparison to you," say "I am slight in comparison with you."
Instead of "I went for to see him," say "I went to see him."
Instead of "The cake is all eat up," say "The cake is all eaten."
Instead of "It is bad at the best," say "It is very bad."
Instead of "Handsome is as handsome does," say "Handsome is who handsome does."
Instead of "As I take it," say "As I see," or, "As I under stand it."
Instead of "The book fell on the floor," say "The book fell to the floor."
Instead of "His opinions are approved of by all," say "His opinions are approved by all."
Instead of "I will add one more argument," say "I will add one argument more," or "another argument."
Instead of "Captain Reilly was killed by a bullet," say "Captain Reilly was killed with a bullet."
Instead of "A sad curse is war," say "War is a sad curse."
Instead of "He stands six foot high," say "He measures six feet," or "His height is six feet."
Instead of "I go every now and then," say "I go often, or frequently."
Instead of "Who finds him in clothes," say "Who provides him with clothes."
Say "The first two," and "the last two," instead of "the two first," "the two last;" leave out all expletives, such as "of all," "first of all," "last of all," "best of all," &c, &c
Instead of "His health was drank with enthusiasm," say "His health was drunk enthusiastically."
Instead of "Except I am prevented," say "Unless I am prevented."
Instead of "In its primary sense," say "In its primitive sense."
Instead of "It grieves me to see you," say "I am grieved to see you."
Instead of "Give me them papers," say "Give me those papers."
Instead of "Those papers I hold in my hand," say "These papers I hold in my hand."
Instead of "I could scarcely imagine but what," say "I could scarcely imagine but that."
Instead of "He was a man notorious for his benevolence," say "He was noted for his benevolence."
Instead of "She was a woman celebrated for her crimes," say "She was notorious on account of her crimes."
Instead of "What may your name be?" say "What is your name?"
Instead of "Bills are requested not to be stuck here," say "Billstickers are requested not to stick bills here."
Instead of "By smoking it often becomes habitual," say "By smoking often it becomes habitual."
Instead of "I lifted it up," say "I lifted it."
Instead of "It is equally of the same value," say "It is of the same value," or "equal value."
Instead of "I knew it previous to your telling me," say "I knew it previously to your telling me."
Instead of "You was out when I called," say "You were out when I called."
Instead of "I thought I should have won this game," say "I thought I should win this game."
Instead of "This much is certain," say "Thus much is certain," or, "So much is certain."
Instead of "He went away as it may be yesterday week," say "He went away yesterday week."
Instead of "He came the Saturday as it may be before the Monday," specify the Monday on which he came.
Instead of "Put your watch in your pocket," say "Put your watch into your pocket."
Instead of "He has got riches," say "He has riches."
Instead of "Will you set down?" say "Will you sit down?"
Instead of "The hen is setting," say "The hen is sitting."
Instead of "It is raining very hard," say "It is raining very fast."
Instead of "No thankee," say "No thank you."
Instead of "I cannot do it without farther means," say "I cannot do it without further means."
Instead of "No sooner but," or "No other but," say "than."
Instead of "Nobody else but her," say "Nobody but her."
Instead of "He fell down from the balloon," say "He fell from the balloon."
Instead of "He rose up from the ground," say "He rose from the ground."
Instead of "These kind of oranges are not good," say "This kind of oranges is not good."
Instead of "Somehow or another," say "Somehow or other."
Instead of "Undeniable references required," say "Unexceptionable references required."
Instead of "I cannot rise sufficient funds," say "I cannot raise sufficient funds."
Instead of "I cannot raise so early in the morning," say "I cannot rise so early in the morning."
Instead of "Well, I don't know," say "I don't know."
Instead of "Will I give you some more tea?" say "Shall I give you some more tea?"
Instead of "Oh dear, what will I do?" say "Oh dear, what shall I do?"
Instead of "I think indifferent of it," say "I think indifferently of it."
Instead of "I will send it conformable to your orders," say "I will send it conformably to your orders."
Instead of "Give me a few broth," say "Give me some broth."
Instead of "Her said it was hers," say "She said it was hers."
Instead of "To be given away gratis," say "To be given away."
Instead of "Will you enter in?" say "Will you enter?"
Instead of "This three days or more," say "These three days or more."
Instead of "He is a bad grammarian," say " He is not a grammarian."
Instead of "We accuse him for," say "We accuse him of."
Instead of "We acquit him from," say "We acquit him of."
Instead of "I am averse from that," say "I am averse to that."
Instead of "I confide on you," say "I confide in you."
Instead of "I differ with you," say "I differ from you."
Instead of "As soon as ever," say "As soon as."
Instead of "The very best" or "The very worst," say "The best or the worst."
Instead of "A winter's morning," say "A winter morning," or "A wintry morning."
Instead of "Fine morning, this morning," say "This is a fine morning."
Instead of "How do you do?" say "How are you?"
Instead of "Not so well as I could wish," say "Not quite well."
Avoid such phrases as "No great shakes," "Nothing to boast of," "Down in my boots," "Suffering from the blues." All such sentences indicate vulgarity.
Instead of "No one cannot prevail upon him," say "No one can prevail upon him."
Instead of "No one hasn't called," say "No one has called."
Avoid such phrases as "If I was you," or even, "If I were you." Better say, "I advise you how to act."
Instead of "You have a right to pay me," say "It is right that you should pay me."
Instead of "I am going on a tour," say "I am about to take a tour," or "going."
Instead of "I am going over the bridge," say "I am going across the bridge."
Instead of "He is coming here," say "He is coming hither."
Instead of "He lives opposite the square," say "He lives opposite to the square."
Instead of "He belongs to the Reform Club," say "He is a member of the Reform Club."
Avoid such phrases as "I am up to you," "I'll be down upon you," "Cut," or "Mizzle."
Instead of "I should just think I could," say "I think I can."
Instead of "There has been a good deal," say "There has been much."
Instead of "Following up a principle," say "Guided by a principle."
Instead of "Your obedient, humble servant," say "Your obedient," or, "Your humble servant."
Instead of saying "The effort you are making for meeting the bill," say "The effort you are making to meet the bill."
Instead of saying "It shall be submitted to investigation and inquiry," say "It shall be submitted to investigation," or "to inquiry."
Dispense with the phrase "Conceal from themselves the fact;" it suggests a gross anomaly.
Never say "Pure and unadulterated," because the phrase embodies a repetition.
Instead of saying "Adequate for," say "Adequate to."
Instead of saying "A surplus over and above," say "A surplus."
Instead of saying "A lasting and permanent peace," say "A permanent peace."
Instead of saying "I left you behind at London," say "I left you behind me at London."
Instead of saying "Has been followed by immediate dismissal," say "Was followed by immediate dismissal."
Instead of saying "Charlotte was met with Thomas," say "Charlotte was met by Thomas." But if Charlotte and Thomas were walking together, "Charlotte and Thomas were met by," &c
Instead of "It is strange that no author should never have written," say "It is strange that no author should ever have written."
Instead of "I won't never write," say "I will never write."
To say "Do not give him no more of your money," is equivalent to saying "Give him some of your money." Say "Do not give him any of your money."
Instead of saying "They are not what nature designed them," say "They are not what nature designed them to be."
Instead of "By this means," say "By these means."
Instead of saying "A beautiful seat and gardens," say "A beautiful seat and its gardens."
Instead of "All that was wanting," say "All that was wanted."
Instead of saying "I had not the pleasure of hearing his sentiments when I wrote that letter," say "I had not the pleasure of having heard," &c
Instead of "The quality of the apples were good," say "The quality of the apples was good."
Instead of "The want of learning, courage, and energy are more visible," say "Is more visible."
Instead of "We are conversant about it," say "We are conversant with it."
Instead of "We called at William," say "We called on William."
Instead of "We die for want," say "We die of want."
Instead of "He died by fever," say "He died of fever."
Instead of "I enjoy bad health," say "My health is not good."
Instead of "Either of the three," say "Any one of the three."
Instead of "Better nor that," say "Better than that."
Instead of "We often think on you," say "We often think of you."
Instead of "Though he came, I did not see him," say "Though he came, yet I did not see him."
Instead of "Mine is so good as yours," say "Mine is as good as yours."
Instead of "He was remarkable handsome," say "He was remarkably handsome."
Instead of "Smoke ascends up the chimney,'I say "Smoke ascends the chimney."
Instead of "You will some day be convinced," say "You will one day be convinced."
Instead of saying "Because I don't choose to," say "Because I would father not."
Instead of "Because why?" say "Why?"
Instead of "That there boy," say "That boy."
Instead of "Direct your letter to me," say "Address your letter to me."
Instead of "The horse is not much worth," say "The horse is not worth much."
Instead of "The subject-matter of debate," say "The subject of debate."
Instead of saying "When he was come back," say "When he had come back."
Instead of saying "His health has been shook," say "His health has been shaken."
Instead of "It was spoke in my presence," say "It was spoken in my presence."
Instead of "Very right," or "Very wrong," say "Right," or "Wrong."
Instead of "The mortgager paid him the money," say "The mortgagee paid him the money." The mortgagee lends; the mortgager borrows.
Instead of "This town is not as large as we thought," say "This town is not so large as we thought."
Instead of "I took you to be another person," say "I mistook you for another person."
Instead of "On either side of the river," say "On each side of the river."
Instead of "There's fifty," say "There are fifty."
Instead of "The best of the two," say "The better of the two."
Instead of "My clothes have become too small for me," say "I have grown too stout for my clothes."
Instead of "Is Lord Lytton in?" say "Is Lord Lytton within?"
Instead of "Two spoonsful of physic," say "Two spoonfuls of physic."
Instead of "He must not do it." say "He need not do it."
Instead of "She said, says she," say "She said."
Avoid such phrases as "I said, says I," "Thinks I to myself, thinks I," &c
Instead of "I don't think so," say "I think not."
Instead of "He was in eminent danger," say "He was in imminent danger."
Instead of "The weather is hot," say "The weather is very warm."
Instead of "I sweat," say "I perspire."
Instead of "I only want two shillings," say "I want only two shillings."
Instead of "Whatsomever," always take care to say "Whatever," or "Whatsoever."
Avoid such exclamations as "God bless me!" "God deliver me!" "By God!" "By Gor'!" "My Lor'!" "Upon my soul," &c, which are vulgar on the one hand, and savour of impiety on the other, for:
"Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain."
Footnote 1:
Persons who wish to become well acquainted with the principles of
English Grammar
by an easy process, are recommended to procure "The Useful Grammar," price 3d., published by Houlston and Sons.
Some Female Spiders Produce 2,000 Eggs.
182. Pronunciation
Accent is a particular stress or force of the voice upon certain syllables or words. This mark ' in printing denotes the syllable upon which the stress or force of the voice should he placed.
There are 9,000 Cells in a Square Foot of Honeycomb.
183. A Word may have more than One Accent.
Take as an instance aspiration. In uttering this word we give a marked emphasis of the voice upon the first and third syllables, and therefore those syllables are said to be accented. The first of these accents is less distinguishable than the second, upon which we dwell longer, therefore the second accent in point of order is called the primary, or chief accent of the word.
A Cow Consumes 100 lbs. of Green Food Daily.
184. When the full Accent falls on a Vowel
that vowel should have a long sound, as in
vo'cal;
but when it, falls on or after a consonant, the preceding vowel has a short sound, as in
hab'it
.
2,300 Silkworms Produce 1lb of Silk.
185. To obtain a Good Knowledge of Pronunciation
it is advisable for the reader to listen to the examples given by good speakers, and by educated persons. We learn the pronunciation of words, to a great extent, by
imitation
, just as birds acquire the notes of other birds which may be near them.
A Queen Bee Produces 100,000 Eggs in a Season.
186. Double Meaning
But it will be very important to bear in mind that there are many words having a double meaning or application, and that the difference of meaning is indicated by the difference of the accent. Among these words,
nouns
are distinguished from
verbs
by this means:
nouns
are mostly accented on the first syllable, and
verbs
on the last.
A Cow Yields 168 lbs. of Butter per Annum.
187. Noun signifies Name
Nouns
are the names of persons and things, as well as of things not material and palpable, but of which we have a conception and knowledge, such as
courage
,
firmness
,
goodness
,
strength
; and
verbs
express
actions, movements,
&c If the word used signifies that anything has been done, or is being done, or is, or is to be done, then that word is a
verb
.
It would Take 27,600 Spiders to Produce 1 lb. of Web
188. Examples of the above.
Thus when we say that anything is "an
in
'sult," that word is a
noun
, and is accented on the first syllable; but when we say he did it "to in
sult
sult' another person," the word in
sult
' implies
acting
, and becomes a verb, and should be accented on the last syllable. The effect is, that, in speaking, you should employ a different pronunciation in the use of the same word, when uttering such sentences as these:—"What an
in
'sult!" "Do you mean to in
sult
' me?" In the first sentence the stress of voice must be laid upon the first syllable,
in'
, and in the latter case upon the second syllable,
sult'
.
189. Meaning varied by Accentuation.
A list of nearly all the words that are liable to this variation is given in the following page. It will be noticed that those in the first column, having the accent on the first syllable, are mostly nouns; and that those in the second column, which have the accent on the second and final syllable, are mostly verbs:
190. Exceptions
Ce
ment
is an Exception to the above rule, and should always be accented on the last syllable. So also the word Con
sols
.
191. Hints to "Cockney Speakers."
The most objectionable error of the Cockney, that of substituting the
v
for the
w
, and
vice versâ
, is, we believe, pretty generally abandoned. Such sentences as "Are you going to Vest Vickkam?" "This is wery good weal," &c, were too intolerable to be retained. Moreover, there has been a very able schoolmaster at work during the past forty years. This schoolmaster is no other than the loquacious Mr.
Punch
, from whose works we quote a few admirable exercises:
Low Cockney.—"Seen that party lately?" "What! the party with the wooden leg, as come with—" "No, no—not that party. The party, you know, as—" "Oh! ah! I know the party you mean, now." "Well, a party told me as he can't agree with that other party, and he says that if another party can't be found to make it all square, he shall look out for a party as will."—(And so on for half an hour.)
Police.—"Lor, Soosan, how's a feller to eat meat such weather as this! Now, a bit o' pickled salmon and cowcumber, or a lobster salid, might do."
Cockney Yachtsman.—(Example of affectation.) Scene: the Regatta Ball.—"I say, Tom, what's that little craft with the black velvet flying at the fore, close under the lee scuppers of the man-of-war?" "Why, from her fore-and-aft rig, and the cut of her mainsail, I should say she's down from the port of London; but I'll signal the commodore to come and introduce us!"
Omnibus Driver.—Old acquaintance. "'Ave a drop, Bill?" Driver. "Why, yer see, Jim, this 'ere young hoss has only been in 'arness once afore, and he's such a beggar to bolt, ten to one if I leave 'im he'll be a-runnin' hoff, and a smashin' into suthun. Howsoever—here—(handing reins to a timid passenger)—lay hold, sir, I'll Chance It!"
Costermonger (to extremely genteel person).—"I say, guv'ner, give us a hist with this 'ere bilin' o' greens!' (A large hamper of market stuff.)
Genteel Cockney (by the seaside).—Blanche. "How grand, how solemn, dear Frederick, this is! I really think the ocean is more beautiful under this aspect than under any other!" Frederick.—"H'm—ah! Per-waps. By the way, Blanche, there's a fella shwimping. S'pose we ask him if he can get us some pwawns for breakfast to-mowaw mawning?"
Stuck-up Cockney.—(Small Swell enters a tailor's shop.) "A—Brown, A—want some more coats!" Snip. "Yes, sir. Thank you, sir. How many would you please to want?" Small Swell. "A—let me see; A—ll have eight. A—no, I'll have nine; and look here! A—shall want some trousers." Snip. "Yes, sir, thank you, sir. How many would you like?" Small Swell.—"A— don't know exactly. S'pose we say twenty-four pairs; and look here! Show me some patterns that won't be worn by any snobs!"
Cockney Flunkey,—(Country Footman meekly inquires of London Footman)—"Pray, sir, what do you think of our town? A nice place, ain't it" London Footman (condescendingly). "Vell, Joseph, I likes your town well enough. It's clean: your streets are hairy; and you have lots of rewins. But I don't like your champagne, it's all gewsberry!"
Cockney Cabby (with politeness). — "Beg pardon, sir; please don't smoke in the keb. sir; ladies do complain o' the 'bacca uncommon. Better let me smoke it for yer outside, sir!"
Military Cockney.—Lieutenant Blazer (of the Plungers).—"Gwood wacious! Here's a howible go! The ifan [?word illegible] v's going to gwow a moustache! Cornet Huffey (whose face is whiskerless). "Yaw don't mean that! Wall! there's only one alternative for us. We must shave!"
Juvenile Low Cockney.—"Jack; Whereabouts is Amstid-am?" Jack. "Well, I can't say exackerley, but I know it's somewhere near "Ampstid-'eath!"
Cockney Domestic.—Servant girl—" Well, mam—Heverythink considered, I'm afraid you won't suit me. I've always bin brought up genteel: and I couldn't go nowheres where there ain't no footman kep'."
Another.—Lady. "Wish to leave! why, I thought, Thompson, you were very comfortable with me!" Thompson (who is extremely refined). "Ho yes, mum! I don't find no fault with you, mum—nor yet with master—but the truth his, mum—the hother servants is so orrid vulgar and hignorant, and speaks so hungrammaticai, that I reely cannot live in the same 'ouse with 'em—and I should like to go this day month, if so be has it won't illconvenience you!"
Cockney Waiter.—"'Am, sir? Yessir? Don't take anything with your 'am, do you, sir?" Gentleman. "Yes, I do; I take the letter H!"
Cockney Hairdresser.—"They say, sir, the cholera is in the Hair, sir!" Gent (very uneasy). "Indeed! Ahem! Then I hope you're very particular about the brushes you use." Hairdresser. "Oh, I see you don't nunderstand me, sir; I don't mean the 'air of the 'ed, but the hair hof the hatmosphere?"
Cockney Sweep (seated upon a donkey).—"Fitch us out another penn'orth o' strawberry hice, with a dollop o' lemon water in it."
Feminine Cookney (by the sea-side.)—"Oh, Harriet, dear, put on your hat and let us thee the stheamboat come in. The thea is tho rough!—and the people will be tho abthurdly thick!"
Alum First Discovered A.D. 1300.
192. Correction
Londoners who desire to correct the defects of their utterance cannot do better than to exercise themselves frequently upon those words respecting which they have been in error.
193. Hints for the Correction of the Irish Brogue
According to the directions given by Mr. B. H. Smart, an Irishman wishing to throw off the brogue of his mother country should avoid hurling out his words with a superfluous quantity of breath. It is not
broadher
and
widher
that he should say, but the
d
, and every other consonant, should be neatly delivered by the tongue, with as little riot, clattering, or breathing as possible. Next let him drop the roughness or rolling of the
r
in all places but the beginning of syllables; he must not say
stor-rum
and
far-rum
, but let the word be heard in one smooth syllable. He should exercise himself until he can convert
plaze
into
please
,
planty
into
plenty
,
Jasus
into
Jesus
, and so on. He should modulate his sentences, so as to avoid directing his accent all in one manner—from the acute to the grave. Keeping his ear on the watch for good examples, and exercising himself frequently upon them, he may become master of a greatly improved utterance.
Tea First Used In England A. D. 1698.
194. Hints for Correcting the Scotch Brogue.
The same authority remarks that as an Irishman uses the closing accent of the voice too much, so a Scotchman has the contrary habit, and is continually drawling his tones from the grave to the acute, with an effect which, to southern ears, is suspensive in character. The smooth guttural
r
is as little heard in Scotland as in Ireland, the trilled
r
taking its place. The substitution of the former instead of the latter must be a matter of practice. The peculiar sound of the
u
, which in the north so of ten borders on the French
u
, must be compared with the several sounds of the letter as they are heard in the south; and the long quality which a Scotchman is apt to give to the vowels that ought to be essentially short, must he clipped. In fact, aural observation and lingual exercise are the only sure means to the end; so that a Scotchman going to a well for a bucket of water, and finding a countryman bathing therein, would not exclaim, "Hey, Colin, dinna ye ken the water's for drink, and nae for bathin'?"
195. Of Provincial Brogues
it is scarcely necessary to say much, as the foregoing advice applies to them. One militiaman exclaimed to another, "Jim, you hain't in step" "Bain't I?" exclaimed the other; "well, change yourn!" Whoever desires knowledge must strive for it. It must not be dispensed with after the fashion of Tummus and Jim, who held the following dialogue upon a vital question:—
Tummus
. "I zay, Jim, be you a purtectionist?"
Jim
. "E'as I be."
Tummus
. "Wall, I zay, Jim, what
be
purtection?"
Jim
. " Loa'r, Tummus, doan't 'ee knaw? "
Tummus
. "Naw, I doan't."
Jim
. "Wall, I doan't knaw as can tell 'ee, Tummus,
vur I doan't exakerly knaw mysel'!
"
196. Rules of Pronunciation.
C before a, o, and u, and in some other situations, is a close articulation, like k. Before e, i, and y, c is precisely equivalent to s in same, this; as in cedar, civil, cypress, capacity.
E final indicates that the preceding vowel is long; as in hate, mete, sire, robe, lyre, abate, recede, invite, remote, intrude.
E final indicates that c preceding has the sound of s; as in lace, lance; and that g preceding has the sound of j, as in charge, page, challenge.
E final, in proper English words, never forms a syllable, and in the most-used words, in the terminating unaccented syllable it is silent. Thus, motive, genuine, examine, granite, are pronounced motiv, genuin, examin, granit.
E final, in a few words of foreign origin, forms a syllable; as syncope, simile.
E final is silent after l in the following terminations,—ble, cle, dle, fle, gle, kle, ple, tle, zle; as in able, manacle, cradle, ruffle, mangle, wrinkle, supple, rattle, puzzle, which are pronounced a'bl, mana'cl, cra'dl, ruf'fl man'gl, wrin'kl, sup'pl, puz'zl.
E is usually silent in the termination en; as in token, broken; pronounced tokn, brokn.
ous, in the termination of adjectives and their derivatives, is pronounced us; as in gracious, pious, pompously.
ce, ci, ti before a vowel, have the sound of sh; as in cetaceous, gracious, motion, partial, ingratiate; pronounced cetashus, grashus, moshun, parshal, ingrashiate.
si, after an accented vowel, is pronounced like zh; as in Ephesian, confusion; pronounced Ephezhan, confuzhon
When ci or ti precede similar combinations, as in pronunciation, negotiation, they should be pronounced ze instead of she, to prevent a repetition of the latter syllable; as pronunceashon instead of pronunsheashon.
gh, both in the middle and at the end of words ia silent; as in caught, bought, fright, nigh, sigh; pronounced caut, baut, frite, ni, si. In the following exceptions, however, gh are pronounced as f:—cough, chough, clough, enough, laugh, rough, slough, tough, trough.
When wh begins a word, the aspirate h precedes w in pronunciation; as in what, whiff, whale; pronounced hwat, hwiff, hwale, w having precisely the sound of oo, French ou. In the following words w is silent:—who, whom, whose, whoop, whole.
h after r has no sound or use; as in rheum, rhyme; pronounced reum, ryme.
h should be sounded in the middle of words; as in forehead, abhor, behold, exhaust, inhabit, unhorse.
H should always be sounded except in the following words:—heir, herb, honest, honour, hospital, hostler, hour, humour, and humble, and all their derivatives,—such as humorously, derived from humour.
k and g are silent before n; as know, gnaw; pronounced no, naw.
w before r is silent; as in wring, wreath; pronounced ring, reath.
b after m is silent; as in dumb, numb; pronounced dum, num.
L before k is silent; as in balk, walk, talk; pronounced bauk, wauk, tauk.
ph has the sound of f; as in philosophy; pronounced filosofy.
ng has two sounds, one as in anger, the other as in fin-ger.
nafter m, and closing a syllable, is silent; as in hymn, condemn.
pbefore s and t is mute; as in psalm, pseudo, ptarmigan; pronounced sarm, sudo, tarmigan.
r has two sounds, one strong and vibrating, as at the beginning of words and syllables, such as robber, reckon, error; the other as at the terminations of words, or when succeeded by a consonant, as farmer, morn.
Before the letter r, there is a slight sound of e between the vowel and the consonant. Thus, bare, parent, apparent, mere, mire, more, pure, pyre, are pronounced nearly baer, paerent, appaerent, me-er,mier, moer,puer, pyer. This pronunciation proceeds from the peculiar articulation of r, and it occasions a slight change of the sound of a, which can only be learned by the ear.
There are other rules of pronunciation affecting the combinations of vowels, &c; but as they are more difficult to describe, and as they do not relate to errors which are commonly prevalent, we shall content ourselves with giving examples of them in the following list of words. When, a syllable in any word in this list is printed in bold, the accent or stress of voice should be laid on that syllable.
Auctions Commenced in Britain in A.D. 1779.