A Concise Dictionary of Middle English from A.D. 1150 to 1580 · Chapter 23S. (3)
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Snytyn, v. to clear the nose, Prompt.; snytte, pt. s., S2; y-snyt, pp., S2.
Sobre, adj. sober, sedate, C2; sobur, Prompt.—OF. sobre; Lat. sobrium.
Sobreliche, adj. and adv. sedate, soberly, CM; soburly, CM; soberly, C.
Soburnesse, sb. soberness, Prompt.
Soche, adj. such, S; see Swyche.
Socht, pt. pl. sought, went, S3; see Sechen.
Socour, sb. succour, C2, C3; socowre, Prompt.—AF. sucur, soccour, OF. socors; Late Lat. succursus (Ducange).
Sodeyn, adj. sudden, C2, C3; sodeynly, adv. suddenly, S3, C2; sodeynliche, S2.—AF. sodeyne; Late Lat. subitanum, see BH, § 122.
Softe, adj. soft, warm, mild, gentle, S, S2, C3; adv. gently, luxuriously, S2, S, C3; softeliche, gently, S; softely, C3. Comb.: zoft-hede, sb. softness, S2.—AS. sófte.
Sohte, pt. s. sought, S, S2; see Sechen.
Soke, sb. the exercise of judicial power, PP, SkD. Der.: soken, the territory or precinct in which public privileges were exercised, SkD; sokne, PP; (Rotland)-sokene, (Rutland)shire, P.—AS. sóc, the exercise of judicial power; sócn, sócen, an enquiry; see Schmid.
Sokelynge, sb. suckling, Prompt.
Sokelynge, sb. a herb, locusta, Prompt.
Sokyl-blome, sb. locusta, Voc.—From a form *sokel, that which sucks. Cp. Hony-souke.
Solas, sb. rest, solace, pleasure, merriment, G, C2, PP, SkD.—AF. solas, OF. solaz, Lat. solatium; see BH, § 143.
Solde, should; see Scholde.
Solempne, adj. solemn, grand, festive, magnificent, C2, C3, Prompt.; solempnely, adv. with pomp, S2, C2, C3; solenliche, PP.—AF. solempne; Lat. solemnem.
Solempnite, sb. festivity, C, Prompt.—AF. sollempnitee; Lat. solemnitatem.
Solere, sb. an upper room, loft, Prompt., Voc., HD; throne, H; soler, W, Voc., HD; soller, Palsg.; stage of a house, ND; sollar, HD, Palsg.—AF. soler, solair, OF. solier; Late Lat. solarium (Voc.); cp. AS. solere (Grein), OS. soleri. OHG. soleri (Tatian), solári, the prætorium of Pilate, also a guest-chamber (Otfrid), Du. zolder.
Soleyne, adj. solitary, hating company, sullen, PP, Prompt.; soleyn, PP, W2; sollein, S3.—OF. solain, solitary, pertaining to one alone: Late Lat. *solanum, from Lat. solus.
Somdel; see under Sum.
Some, sb. concord, S.—AS. sóme.
Somed, adv. together, S; somet, S; see Samed.
Somer, sb. summer, C; sumer, S; someres, gen. s., C2, C3. Comb.: somer-game, summer-game, P.—AS. sumor: OS. sumar; cp. OHG. sumar (Tatian).
Somme, sb. sum, S3, C3; some, S3; summe, Prompt.—AF. summe (sume); Lat. summa.
Somnen, v. to join, S; see Samnen.
Sompne, v. to summon, PP, CM; someny, PP; somony, S2; somoni, S; somownyn, Prompt.; somondis, pr. s., H; sumundis, H; somened, pp., W.—AF. somoundre (pr. p. somonant), OF. semondre; Late Lat. submōnĕre; Lat. sub + mŏnēre.
Sompnour, sb. summoner, one who cites before an ecclesiastical court, C, PP; sumpnour, S2; somnour, PP; somner, PP; somenour, PP; sumnowre, Prompt.—AF. sumenour.
Somwat; see under Sum.
Sond, sb. sand, S, S2, C, PP; sand, PP; sonde, dat., S.—AS. sand.
Sond, sb. a dish or mess of food; sand, gift, S2; sonde, dat., S; sonden, pl., S; sandon, S.—AS. sand, ‘ferculum’ (Voc.).
Sonde, sb. a sending, message, gift sent, also mission, embassy, messenger, S, S2, C3, P, G, H (p. 497); sonden, pl., S; sondes, S. Comb.: sondezmon, messenger, S2; sandesman, SD; sandismene, pl., HD.
Sonder. Comb.: sonderemen, messengers, S; sanderbodes, messengers, S.—AS. sander in sandermen (Chron. ann. 1123).
Sondry, separate, C2; see Sunder.
Sone, sb. son, S, S2, C2, G; sune, S; zone, S2; sun, S2. Comb.: sone in lawe, son-in-law, C2.—AS. sunu: Goth. sunus.
Sone, adv. forthwith, quickly, soon, S, G, S2, C2, PP; soune, S3; son, S2; soyn, S2; sonest, superl., C2; sonnest, P.—AS. sóna, see Sievers, 317.
Song, pt. s. sang, C2; see Syngen.
Songe, sb. song, Prompt.; sang, S, S3; zang, S2; songes, pl., S.—AS. sang.
Songe-warie, sb. the observation of dreams, P.—OF. songe; Lat. somnium, dream.
Sonne, sb. sun, S, S2, C2, P; sunne, S, S2, Prompt. Comb.: sunne-bem, sunbeam, S; Sunnen-dæi, Sunday, S; sunne-dei, S; sunedai, S; sunedei, S; sone-dæi, S; soneday, S, G; sonendayes, pl., S2; sunne-risindde, sun-rising, S.—AS. sunne: OS. sunna.
Soop, pt. t. of Sup.
Soope, sb. soap, Prompt.; sape, S.—AS. sápe; Lat. sāpo.
Soot, Soote, adj. sweet, S3; see Swete.
Sooth, Soothly; see Soth.
Sop, pt. s. created, S; see Schapen.
Sope, pp. of Sup.
Soper, sb. supper, C, C2, G; see Souper.
Sophyme, sb. a sophism, C2; sophimes, pl., subtleties, C2.—OF. sophisme (Cotg.); Gr. σόφισμα.
Soppe, sb. a sop, Cath., PP; sop, C; soppis, pl., S3.
Sopun, pp. of Sup.
Sore, v. to soar, mount aloft, C2, CM.—OF. essorer (Cotg.); Late Lat. *exaurare, to expose to the air (Lat. aura).
Sore, adj. and adv. sore, painful, S, C2, G; sare, S2, S; sar, S, S3, S2; soore, Prompt.; sair, B.—AS. sár.
Sore, sb. sore, misery, C2; sor, S; sar, S; soore, Prompt.—AS. sár.
Soren, pp. shorn, S; see Schere.
Sort, sb. destiny, chance, lot, C, W; sorte, turn (= Lat. vice), W.—AF. sort; Lat. sortem.
Sorwe, sb. sorrow, S, S2, CM, C2; sorȝe, S; zorȝe, S2; soriȝe, S; soreȝe, S; sareȝe, S; soreghe, S2; seorewe, S; serewe, S; seoruwe, S; serwe, S2; soru, S2; sorhe, S; sorewe, S, S2.—AS. sorh: OS. sorga.
Sorwe-ful, adj. sorrowful, C; sorful, S; sorwefully, adv. sorrowfully, C2.
Sorwen, v. to sorrow, CM; serrȝheþþ, pr. s., S.—AS. sorgian.
Sorwynge, sb. sorrowing, CM; sorewyngis, pl., W.
Sory, adj. sorry, wretched, painful, grievous, Prompt., S2, C, C2, PP, G; sori, S, S2, PP; sari, S; særi, S; sariliche, adv., S; soryly, Prompt. Comb.: sorymod, sad in mind, S.—AS. sárig.
Sorynesse, sb. sadness, Prompt.; sorinesse, S.—AS. sárignes.
Soster, sb. sister, S2; see Suster.
Sote, adj. sweet, C2, C3; see Swete.
Soth, adj. and sb. true, truth, sooth, soothsaying, S, S2, C3, P, H; sooth, C2; suth, S2; sothe, W, S2, S3, P; soothe, S3; zoþe, S2; sothely, adv., verily, PP, W; soothly, C2. Comb.: soðfast, true, S, S3, H; sothefast, W; soothfastnesse, truth, C2, C3, H; sothnes, truth, S2, H; sothnesse, S2, P; sothriht, truly, S.—AS. sóð (for *sonð, *sanð); cp. Icel. sannr (for *sanðr); cp. Dan. sand.
Sothe, adj. south, S3; see Sowthe.
Sothien, v. to verify, SD, SkD (s.v. soothe); i-soðet, pp., S.—AS. ge-sóðian.
Sothroun, adj. southern, S3; see Sowtherne.
Sotte, sb. fool, S, Prompt., PP; sot, S, S2; sottes, gen., S, S2. Der.: sotlice, foolishly, S; sotschipe, folly, S; sotted, besotted, C3.—OF. sot.
Sotyle, adj. subtle, fine-wrought, crafty, ingenious, Prompt.; sotyl, PP; sotil, PP, C; sotel, PP; sutelle, Cath.; sutaille, S3; sotely, adv., PP; suteli, W.—AF. sotil, sutil; Lat. subtīlem.
Sotyle, v. to reason subtly, to make use of cunning, PP; sotilen, PP; sutils, pr. s., makes subtle, H.
Sotylte, sb. skill, Prompt.; sotilte, C3.—AF. sotiltee; Lat. subtilitatem.
Souchen, v. to suspect, SD, HD; souches, pr. s., S2.—OF. suscher; Late Lat. *suspicare, for Lat. suspicari, see Diez, p. 681, and BH, § 152.
Souden, v. to pay, PP. See Sowde.
Soudly, adj. dirty, S3.—Cp. Northern E. suddill, to dirty (JD), also G. sudeln, to do dirty work.
Souerty, sb. surety, S3; see Surety.
Soufre, sb. sulphur, S2; soulfre, CM.—OF. soufre, soulfre (Cotg.); Late Lat. sulfurem.
Souken, v. to suck, C2, S2, W2; sowken, S3. Comb.: soukynge-fere, foster-brother, W.—AS. súcan, pt. séac, pp. socen.
Soule, sb. soul, PP, S, S2; sowle, S, C; saule, S, S2, H; sawle, S; saull, S3; soulen, pl., S, S2; saulen, S; sawless, S; sowle, S; zaulen, S2. Comb.: soule hele, soul’s salvation, PP; sawel hel, S2.—AS. sáwol, sáwle: Goth. saiwala.
Soun, sb. sound, S2, S3, C2, W2, H: sown, H, W, W2; sowne, S2; son, S2; sownde, Prompt.—AF. soun, OF. son; Lat. sonum.
Sound, sb. a swoon, S3; see Swowne.
Sounen, v. to sound, C2, PP; sownen, C2, S2, W2, PP; sowndyn, Prompt.; sunen, S.—AF. suner, soner; Lat. sonare.
Sounyng, sb. sounding, S2.
Soupen, v. to sup, drink gradually, to eat supper, P, W, C2; sowpen, S3.—OF. souper. Of Teutonic origin. Cp. Sup.
Souper, sb. supper, C; soper, C, C2, G.—OF. souper, AF. soper.
Souple, adj. supple, pliant, C, C2.—OF. souple, beaten, defeated (Bartsch); Lat. supplicem, submissive.
Soure, adj. sour, acid, PP; sur, S; soure, adv. sourly, C2, P. Comb.: sourdouȝ, leaven, W; sourdow, W; sourdowȝ, W.—AS. súr; cp. Icel. súrr and súrdegi (Matt. 13. 33).
Souren, v. to sour; sowrid, pp., made sour, W.
Sours, sb. source, origin, C2; soaring, CM.—OF. sourse, a spring of water; Late Lat. sursa, a late pp. f. form from Lat. surgere (OF. sordre, pp. sors, sours).
Souse, v. to strike, dash, RD, SkD; souce, Spenser 1. See below.
Souse, sb. the downward plunge of a bird of prey, RD. (Originally the same as Sours, used of a hawk’s flight.—W. W. S.)
Soutere, sb. cobbler, S3; souter, PP; sowter, Cath., ND.—AS. sútere (Voc.); Lat. sutor.
Souteresse, sb. a woman shoe-seller, P.
Souenaunce, sb. remembrance, S3.—OF. sovenance, also souvenance (Cotg.), from sovenir; Lat. subuenire.
Souerentè, sb. sovereignty, Prompt.; souerayntee, C2.—AF. soverainte.
Souereyn, adj. and sb. supreme, sovereign, C, C2, C3; souereynes, pl., superiors, P, W; sufrayns, H; souereyneste, superl., W2; soueraignly, adv., C.—AF. soverein; Late Lat. *superanum.
Sowdan, sb. sultan, S2, C3.—OF. soudan, souldan; Arab. sultân.
Sowdanesse, sb. sultaness, S2, C3.
Sowde, v. to strengthen; sowdid, pp. (= Lat. consolidatae), W.—OF. souder (Cotg.): It. soldare; Lat. solidare, see SkD (s.v. solder).
Sowde, sb. stipend, pay, W; sowd, Prompt.; sowdis, pl., W.—OF. soude; Lat. soldum, a sum of money, from solidus.
Sowdyowre, sb. one that fights for pay, soldier, Prompt.; soudiour, S3.—Cp. OF. soudoier (Ducange).
Sowen, v. to sow, S, PP; sawe, S; souwen, PP; sewe, pt. s., W; sew, H; sewen, pl., S; seowe, pt. s. subj., S; sowun, pp., W; sowe, G; ȝe-sawen, S.—AS. sáwan.
Sowse, v. to immerse in brine, to plunge in water, to drench with rain, Palsg., S3; soused, pp., pickled, Sh.; soust, drenched, Spenser 1.—From OF. sause, sauce; Lat. salsa, salted.
Sowse, sb. a dish of pickled food, succidium, Voc.
Sowthe, adj. south, Prompt.; sothe, S3; suð, S. Comb.: Souþ-hamtessire, Hampshire, S2; Suð-sæxe, Sussex, SD.—AS. súð: OHG. sund-ana, from the south (Tatian).
Sowtherne, adj. southern, Prompt.; souþeron, S2; southren, C3; sothroun, S3; suthroun, S3.
Soyr, adj. brown (as of withered leaves), S3.—OF. sor (Roland); cp. F. saure. Of Teutonic origin. See Seere.
Spæc, pt. s. of Speken, q.v.
Spæche, sb. speech, S; see Speche.
Spak, adj. wise, prudent, quiet, gentle, SD; spake, HD; spakliche, adv., SD; spakli, S2.—Icel. spakr, quiet, gentle, wise.
Spale, sb. a chip of wood, splinter, S, SD; spalle, Prompt.; spolle, Prompt.; spole, Voc.—Icel. spölr (spala, gen. pl.).
Spang, sb. a metal fastening, brooch, clasp, buckle; spangs, pl., S3.—AS. spange (Grein).
Spangele, sb. a small plate of shining metal used to ornament a bridle, lorale, Prompt.
Spanyn, v. to wean, Prompt.; spane, HD; spaned, H, Cath.—Cp. G. spänen, OHG. (bi)spenjan, Du. spenen, see Weigand; cp. also AS. spana, ‘ubera’ (Voc.).
Spanynge, sb. a weaning, ablactacio, Cath., Prompt.
Sparkle, sb. spark. Prompt. Comb.: deed-sparcle (= Lat. fauilla), W2.
Sparlire, sb. the calf of the leg, HD; sparlyuer, sura, Trevisa (5. 355); sperlyuer, musculus, Voc.—AS. spear-líra, ‘sura’ (Deut. 28. 35), speoru-líra (OET.).
Sparre, sb. a beam, bar, spar, C, S3, Prompt., Cath.—AS. speoru (Voc.); cp. Icel. sparri.
Sparthe, sb. axe, battle-axe, Prompt., Cath.; sparth, C, WA.—Icel. sparða.
Sparwe, sb. sparrow, C, S2; sparowe, Prompt. Comb.: spar-hauk, sparrow-hawk, C2; sperhauke, P.—AS. spearwa.
Spatel, sb. spittle, S; see Spotil.
Spateling, sb. spitting, S.
Spealie, v. to tell, S; see Spellien.
Spec, pt. s. of Speken, q.v.
Spece, sb. species, kind, S, Prompt.—Lat. speciem. Cf. Spice.
Speche, sb. speech, S, S2, PP; spæche, S; spek, S2.—AS. spǽc (Voc.). See Speken.
Sped, sb. success, speed, S; speed, Prompt.—AS. spéd.
Spede-ful, adj. profitable, W; speedful, C3; spedfullest, superl., S3.
Speden, v. to succeed, prosper, speed, S, S2, S3; spet, pr. s., speeds, goes on, G; spedith, profits, S3, W2; spedde, pt. s., S, C2; sped, pp., S3.—AS. spédan.
Speir, sb. sphere, S3; see Spere.
Speken, v. to speak, S, S2; spæken, S; spece, 1 pr. s., S; specð, pr. s., S; spæc, pt. s., S; spac, S, S2; spak, S, S2; spec, S, spek, S; spake, 2 pt. s., S, G; speke, S; spækenn, pl., S; speken, S; speke, S2; speeke, S2; spekene, ger., S; speokene, S; i-speken, pp., S; ispeke, S.—AS. specan (for sprecan), pt. spæc, pp. specen.
Spell, sb. a discourse, story, S; spelle, dat., S, S2, C2.—AS. spell.
Spellien, v. to relate, speak; spellen, S, PP; spealie, S; spilien, S.—AS. spellian.
Spellinge, sb. recital, Prompt., S2.
Spence, sb. provision-room, larder, G, Prompt.; spense, Voc.; expense, G, W.—OF. despense (Constans); Late Lat. dispensa (Voc.).
Spencer, sb. officer having charge of the provisions, G; spenser, G; sponcere, Prompt.—OF. despensier; Late Lat. dispensarium (acc.).
Spenden, v. to use, spend, Prompt., PP; spene, S, PP; spende, pt. pl., S2; i-spend, pp., S; spendid, W; sponded, G. Comb.: spending-siluer, money to spend, C3.—AS. spendan (in compounds); Lat. dispendere.
Spennen, v. to stretch, embrace, grasp, SD; spendyd, pt. s., grasped, S3; spend, pp., SD.—Icel. spenna; cp. AS. spannan, to bind, OHG. (gi)spannan (Otfrid); see Weigand.
Spercled, pp. scattered, flung abroad, S3 (24. 67).
Sperd, pt. s. of Spiren, q.v.
Spere, sb. sphere, Prompt., CM; speir, S3.—OF. espere; Late Lat. spera, sphera; Gr. σφαῖρα.
Spere, sb. spear, S, C, Prompt.—AS. spere; cp. OHG. sper (Tatian).
Speren, v. to fasten with a spar, to close, S, Cath.; sperre, Cath.; speride, pt. s., S2; sperd, pp., S, H; sperrid, H.—AS. sparrian. See Sparre.
Sperhauke, sb. sparrow-hawk, P; see under Sparwe.
Sperling, sb. a small fish, S2; sperlynge, Cath., Voc.; sparlynge, Cath. (n); spurling, Cath. (n).—OF. esperlan, smelt (Cotg.).
Spet, pr. s. of Speden, q.v.
Speten, v. to spit, S, W2, Voc., CM; spette, pt. s., W, SD; spete, W; speten, pl., W; spetide, pt. s., W.—AS. spǽtan, pt. spǽtte.
Spewen, v. to vomit, Cath.; spue, W2.—AS. spíwan, pt. spáw, pp. spiwen.
Spice, sb. species, kind, spice, W; spyce, Voc.; spices, pl., S, P. Comb.: spicelike, with spices, S; spices ware, spicery, S.—OF. espice; Late Lat. spĕcia (for Lat. spĕciem), see BH, § 32. See Spece.
Spicer, sb. dealer in spices, P, S2; spyserez, pl., S2.
Spicerye, sb. spicery, S2, C2, C3.—AF. spicerie.
Spie, sb. spy, PP; see Aspie.
Spien, v. to spy, to look after, to watch, S; see Espye.
Spilen, v. to play, S; spilede, pt. s., S.—Icel. spila; cp. G. spielen.
Spilien, v. to speak, S; see Spellien.
Spillen, v. to perish, also to destroy, S, S2, C2, C3, P; spyllen, S2; spill, S3; spilt, pp., killed, C3; y-spilte, PP.—AS. spillan, to destroy (Grein).
Spire, sb. shoot, scion, blade, tall grass, reed, PP, S, G, CM; spyre, Prompt., PP, Palsg.; spier, W2.
Spiren, v. to enquire, speer, PP; speren, PP; speoren, PP; spuren, PP; spirs, imp. pl., S2; spird, pt. pl., S2; sperd, pt. s., S3.—AS. spyrian, to make a track, from spor, track, see SkD (s.v. spur).
Splene, sb. the spleen, Prompt.; splen, SkD. Phr.: on the splene, suddenly, S3; fro the splene, with sudden fervour, rapidly, S3.—Lat. splen.
Spoile, sb. booty, SkD; spuylis, pl., W2. See below.
Spoilen, v. to plunder, W (Mk. 3. 27); spuyle, W; spuylid, pp., W2.—OF. spolier (Cotg.); Lat. spoliare; see BH, § 64.
Spone, sb. a chip, splinter of wood, spoon, C3, Prompt.; spoon, C2. Comb.: span-newe, span new, SkD; spon-neowe, SkD.—AS. spón; cp. Icel. spónn, also spánn; cp. G. spannen (Weigand).
Spore, sb. spur, PP, Prompt., C, G.—AS. spora.
Spotil, sb. spittle, W; spotele, W2; spatel, S.—AS. spátl.
Spousaille, sb. wedding, C2; spousail, C2; sposailis, pl., W.—OF. espousailles.
Spouse, sb. spouse, bridegroom, bride, W; spuse, S; spowse, Prompt. Comb.: spousbreche, adulterer, SD; spusbruche, adultery, SD; spousebrekere, adulterer, W; spoushod, marriage, S2.—AF. espouse (espuse); Lat. sponsam; also OF. espos, spous; Lat. sponsum; see BH, § 169.
Spousen, v. to espouse, W, S2, C2; spousi, S2; i-spoused, pp., S2; y-spoused, S2; i-spused, S.—OF. espouser; Lat. sponsare.
Sprangis, sb. pl. diffused rays of various colours, S3.
Spraulin, v. to sprawl, SD; sprawel, S2; sprauleden, pt. pl., S.—AS. spréawlian (cited by Zupitza from Bouloneser Glossen, see Studium der neueren Sprachen, July, 1886).
Sprayngis, sb. pl. sprinklings, S3. See Sprengen.
Spreden, v. to spread, PP, S, S2; spradde, pt. s., C2; spredd, pp., S; sprad, C; y-sprad, C2.—AS. sprǽdan.
Spreit, sb. spirit, S3; spyryte, Prompt.—Lat. spiritus.
Sprengen, v. to sprinkle, W, G; sprente, pt. s., S3; spreynten, pl., W2; spreynd, pp., S2, C2, C3, W; spreind, W; spreynt, W; y-spreynd, C.—AS. sprengan, causal of springan.
Sprengen, v. to spring, to be diffused; sprent, pt. s., S3.—AS. sprengan, to spring (Sweet).
Sprenkelin, v. to sprinkle, to dart, Prompt.; sprynkland, pr. p., darting in various directions (of fish in the water), S3.
Spring, sb. a rod, sprig, PP; sprynge, P; sprenges, pl., W2.
Springen, v. to spring, to arise, to dawn, PP, S, C2; sprynge, PP; sprenge, pr. s. subj., W; sprang, pt. s., S; sprong, S; sprungen, pp., S2; sprunge, S; sprongen, S3; spronge, C; i-sprunge, S. Der.: springing, beginning, source, C2.—AS. springan, pt. sprang (pl. sprungon), pp. sprungen.
Springen, v. to make to spring, rouse; sprange, pt. pl., S3. See below.
Springen, v. to sprinkle, C2; y-spronge, pp., S2. Der.: springyng, sprinkling, W. See Sprengen.
Sprutlyt, pp. speckled, S3. See SkD (s.v. sprout).
Sprynkland; see Sprenkelin.
Spurn, sb. a kick, S3.
Spurnen, v. to kick, Prompt., C2, SkD; spurnde, pt. s., S2.—AS. speornan.
Spuyle, v. to plunder, W; see Spoilen.
Spuylis, pl. spoils, W; see Spoile.
Spynke, sb. finch, rostellus, Voc.; spink, Cotg., JD, HD; spynk, S3 (s.v. gold). Cp. Gr. σπίγγος, and OF. pinçon (BH), F. pinson.
Spynnare, sb. spinner, spider, Prompt.; spinner, Sh., HD.
Spynnen, v. to spin, Prompt.
Spynstare, sb. a woman who spins, Prompt.; spynnester, PP; spinster, S2, PP, Sh.
Spyrakle, sb. the breath of life, S2.—Lat. spiraculum uitae, Gen. 7. 22 (Vulg.).
Squames, sb. pl. scales, C3.—Lat. squama.
Squaymous, adj. loth, fastidious, CM; see Skeymowse.
Squier, sb. squire, S, C2; squyer, C2, S2.—OF. esquïer, escuier; Late Lat. scutarium, from Lat. scutum, shield; cp. It. scudiére.
Squyler, sb. dish-washer, S2; sqwyllare, Prompt., SkD (s.v. scullery); swyllere, Voc.—OF. sculier (Ducange); Late Lat. scutelarium, one in charge of the dishes (Ducange); from Lat. scutella. (It seems to have been confused with swiller; see SkD, s.v. scullery.—W. W. S.)
Squylerey, sb. room for washing dishes in, a scullery, SkD.—Cp. OF. esculier; Late Lat. scutellarium, ‘locus ubi reponuntur scutellae’ (Ducange). See above.
Sqware, adj. square, Prompt.; sware, S2.—OF. esquarre; Lat. ex + quadram; cp. It. squadra.
Srid, pt. s. clothed, S; see Schrouden.
Srud, sb. dress, S; see Schroud.
Ss-; see Sch-.
Sseawere, sb. a mirror, S2; see Schawere.
Sseawy, v. to show, S2; see Schewen.
Ssedde; see under Scheden.
Ssede; see under Schade.
Ssolde, should; see Scholde.
Ssoldren, pl. shoulders, S2; see Schuldere.
Stable, adj. constant, firm, fixed, C2, W, PP; stabli, adv., W.—AF. estable; Lat. stabilem.
Stable, v. to establish, confirm, to cause to rest, S3, W, P, C; y-stabled, S3.—OF. establir.
Stablischen, v. to establish, W; stablisse, PP.—OF. establiss-, stem of establissant, pp. of establir.
Stac, pt. s. closed up, S2; see Steken.
Stad, pp. bestead, circumstanced, beset, WA, S2.—Icel. staddr, circumstanced, Swed. stadd.
Staf, sb. a staff, stick, a letter of the alphabet, PP, SD; staffe, Prompt.; staues, pl., S2, PP. Comb.: stef-creft, the art of grammar, S; staf-slinge, staff-sling, C2; staff-slynge, HD; staff-slyngere, staff-slinger, HD.—AS. stæf, staff, stick, twig, letter written on a twig, see Weigand (s.v. buchstab); cp. Icel. stafr, OHG. stab, buohstab (Tatian).
Staire, adj. steep, WA; stayre, WA (n).
Staire, sb. stair, ladder, WA.—AS. stǽger. See Stien.
Stal, Stall, pt. s. of Stelen.
Stale, sb. stealing, S.—AS. stalu.
Stalken, v. to step slowly, C, G; stalkyn, Prompt.; stalked him, pt. s. refl., C2.—AS. stealcian; see Sweet, Anglo-Saxon Primer, 83. 37.
Stalle, sb. place, state, station, prison, stall, booth, PP, Prompt.; steal, S; stal, Prompt.; stale, S3.—AS. steal: OHG. stal (Otfrid).
Stallit, pp. placed, S3.
Stallyn, v. to enthrone prelates, Prompt.
Stalworðe, adj. stout, strong, sturdy, S2, G; stalworth, PP, H (pp. 26, 87); stalword, S2; stalworthy, S3, Prompt.; stalworþest, superl., S2; stalwortly, adv. sturdily, S2. Comb.: stalworth-hede, stalwartness, S2.—AS. stælwurð (Chron. ann. 896).
Stamyn, sb. stamine, linsey-woolsey cloth, a garment made of that material, Prompt., Cath. (n); stamin, S; stamine, HD.—OF. estamine, tamine, also a strainer (Cotg.).
Stamyn, sb. the stem, bows of a vessel, S2; stamyne, Cath. (n).—Icel. stafn, stamn, a post, prow-post, also stern-post; cp. It. stamine, the upright ribs or pieces of timber of the inside of a ship, of our shipwrights called foot-stocks (Florio).
Standen, v. to stand, to cost, be valid, S; stonden, S, S2, C2, W; stant, pr. s., S, S2, S3; stont, S; stand, S2; stonte, S2; stode, pt. s., S2; pl., S2; stoden, S2, C2; stude, S3; i-stonde, pp., S.—AS. standan, pt. stód, pp. ge-standen.
Stane, sb. dat. stone, S; see Stoon.
Stang, sb. stagnant pool; stanc, S2; stank, HD; stangis, pl., H; stangeȝ, S2; staunkis, H.—OF. estang, estan (estanc); Lat. stagnum.
Stangen, v. to prick, to throb, HD, H. Der.: stangynge, torment, H.
Stannyris, sb. pl. the small stones and gravel at the side of a river, S3. See Stoon.
Staple, sb. a loop of iron in a wall used for fastening chains, S3 (p. 472).—AS. stapul (Voc.).
Starf, pt. s. died, S2, C2; see Steruen.
Starin, v. to stare, also to shine, glitter, SD; stare, C2, S3, PP; starinde, pr. p., S; stareand, S2.—AS. starian.
Stark, adj. strong, firm, severe, S, S3; starrc, S; starke, pl., C2.—AS. stearc: OS. starc.
Starnys, pl. stars, S3; see Sterne.
Stat, sb. state, condition, S2; staat, existence (= Lat. status), W. Cf. Estat.
Staþelien, to establish; ȝe-staþeled, pp., S.—AS. ge-staðelod.
Staþelnesse, sb. stability, SD; staþelnes, S2.—AS. staðolnes.
Statut, sb. statute, PP; statute, PP; statutes, pl., S2, PP. Comb.: statute-staple, the staple to which a prisoner is by law attached, S3.—AF. statut (estatut); Lat. statutum.
Stauez, pr. s. stows away, S2; stawed, pp., S2; see Stowyn.
Steal, sb. place, state, S; see Stalle.
Steapre; see Stepe.
Steaȝ, pt. s. of Stien, q.v.
Stede, sb. steed, horse, S, C2, PP, WA. Comb.: stede-bac, horseback, PP.—AS. stéda, from stód, a collection of horses, a stud.
Stede, sb. place, PP, S, S2, S3; stude, S; stide, W, W2; stud, S2; sted, S3. Comb.: stedefast, steadfast, S; stedefastliche, steadfastly, S; stedfastly, C2; stedefastnesse, firmness, C2.—AS. stede: OS. stedi: Goth. stadi- (stem of staths).
Stee, sb. a ladder, WA, HD; sties, pl., HD. See Stien.
Steef, Stef; see Styf.
Steer, sb. a young ox, C, PP.—AS. stéor; cp. Lat. taurus, see Curtius, No. 232.
Stef-creft, sb. the art of grammar, S; see Staf.
Stefne, sb. voice, S; see Steuene.
Steghe, v. to ascend, H; see Stien.
Steghere, sb. rider, H.
Steir, v. to stir, S3; see Stiren.
Steken, v. to fasten, SD, WA; stekye, v., to be fastened up, P; stekez, imp. pl., S2; stac, pt. s., S2; stak, SkD (s.v. stick); stoken, pp., S2; y-steke, G; i-steke, G.—Cp. OHG. stechan, to fix, pierce, pt. stáh (pl. stáchun), pp. gi-stochan, see Otfrid.
Stelen, v. to steal, to go stealthily, PP; stæl, pt. s., S; stal, C2, W; stall, S3; stalen, pl., S; stelen, S; stole, pp., C. Comb.: stæl ut, stole out, S; stal ut, S.—AS. stelan, pt. stæl (pl. stǽlon), pp. stolen.
Stelðe, sb. stealth, PP; stalthe, SkD. Cf. Stouth.
Stem, sb. vapour, ray of light, flame, S; steem, Prompt.—AS. stéam.
Stemin, v. to steam, shine, gleam, C, S3, CM.—AS. stéman (SkD).
Stene, sb. a stone jar, SD, Trevisa 4. 115; steenes, pl., S2. See below.
Stenen, adj. made of stone, S.—AS. stǽnen (Voc.). See Stoon.
Stent, sb. stopping-place, S3.
Stenten, v. to cease, pause, CM; see Stynten.
Steoren, v. to perfume with incense, S.—Cp. AS. stéran (Leo). See Stor.
Steoren, v. lead, direct, S; see Steren.
Steorren, pl. stars, S; see Sterre.
Step-barn, sb. orphan, H.—Cp. AS. step-cild, orphan, Ps. 67. 6 (VP); AS. stéop, orphaned; cp. OHG. stiuf.
Stepe, adj. steep, WA, SkD.—AS. stéap.
Stepe, adj. bright, shining (of eyes), CM, C, S3, HD; steapre, comp., S3 (p. 426).
Stere, adj. strong, stout, firm, S, HD. See Store.
Stere, sb. tiller, helm, rudder, steering-gear, the stern of a ship, C3, S; steere, W2; stiere, PP. Comb.: sterelees, without a rudder, S2, C3; sterman, steersman. Voc.—Icel. stýri, rudder.
Stere, sb. helmsman, C3, S2.
Steren, v. to lead, direct, steer, S, S3, PP; steir, B; steoren, S.—AS. stéoran, stýran.
Steren, v. to stir, to move, S2, WA, PP; see Stiren.
Sterlinge, sb. coin, penny of standard currency, C3, PP, SkD.—Cp. Low Lat. sterlingus (Ducange).
Sterne, sb. star, WA, H, S2; stern, S2, B; starnys, pl., S3.—Icel. stjarna. Cf. Sterre.
Sterne, adj. stern, Prompt.; sturne, S, S2; steryn, WA; sterin, HD; steryne, HD; stiarne, pl., S; adv., S; sterne, PP; sternelich, CM, PP. Der.: sturnhede, sternness, S2.—AS. styrne.
Sterre, sb. star, S, S2, S3, C2, C3, W, PP; storre, S; steorren, pl., S; steores, S; sterris, W, PP; sterren, S, S2. Comb.: sterre-liht, starlight, S2. Der.: i-stirret, starred, S; stirrede, SD.—AS. steorra: OS. sterro; cp. OHG. sterro (Tatian).
Stert, sb. tail, plough-handle, S, Prompt., Palsg., HD; the stalk of fruit, HD, Palsg.; sterte, Voc. Comb.: steort-naket, quite naked, S.—AS. steort; cp. Icel. stertr.
Stert, sb. a start, quick movement, C.
Sterten, v. to start, S2, C, B, PP; stirt, imp. s., S; stirte, pt. s., S; stirt, S; sterte, C, G; stert, S2; stert, pp., C2; y-stert, C.
Steruen, v. to die, S2, S3, C2; sterfeð, pr. s., S; starf, pt. s., S2, C2; sturuen, pl., S; sturfe, S; storuen, C3; storue, pt. subj. s., S; i-storue, pp., S; y-storue, C; staruen, S3.—AS. steorfan, pt. stǽrf (pl. sturfon), pp. storfen.
Steruing, sb. dying, S2.
Steuene, sb. voice, command, note, C2, S; steuen, S2; time of performing any action, CM; stefne, S; stevynnys, pl., S3.—AS. stefn: Goth. stibna; cp. OHG. stemna (Tatian), G. stimme.
Stew, sb. vapour, mist, B; stovys, pl., S3.—Cp. Dan. stöv, Du. stof, dust, stofregen, drizzling rain, G. staub, dust, whence Staubbach, ‘spray-beck.’
Steward; see under Sty.
Stewe, sb. fish-pond, vivarium, C, HD, SD, CM, Prompt.; stwe, Prompt.
Stewe, sb. bath, Cath.; stue, Cath. (n); stwe, Prompt.; stewes, pl. brothels, PP; stywes, CM; stues, P.
Stiarne, adj. pl. stern, S; see Sterne.
Sticchen, v. to prick, stitch, SD; stiȝte, pt. s., SD; stiȝt, pp., SD; i-stihd, S; i-sticched, S (p. 119).
Stien, v. to ascend, HD, PP, S2, W, W2; styȝen, S2; stiȝen, W, S2; steȝen, S2; steghe, H, S2; steaȝ, pt. s., S2; steiȝ, S3; stegh, S2, H; styh, S2.—AS. stígan, pt. stáh (pl. stigon), pp. stigen.
Sties, pl. paths, S2; stighes, H; see Sty.
Stikien, v. to stick, to pierce, stab, S, S2, C2, C3; styken, S2; steek, S3; stekit, pt. s., B; stekyt, S3; y-styked, pp., S2.—AS. stician. See Steken.
Stikke, sb. stick, C3; stykke, Prompt.
Stillatorie, sb. vessel used in distillation, C3, CM; stillatory, a place where distillations are performed, ND.—Late Lat. stillatorium, from Lat. (di)stillare.
Stingen, v. to sting; stonge, pt. pl., S; stongen, pp., C, H; y-stongen, S3; y-stonge, C3; stungen, H.—AS. stingan, pt. stang (pl. stungon), pp. stungen.
Stiren, v. to stir, to move, to instigate, PP, C3, W2, S, S2; stere, PP, S2, G; sturen, S, W; styren, S; steir, S3, B.—AS. styrian.
Stiring, sb. stirring, commotion, W, W2.
Stirte, pt. s. of Sterten, q.v.
Stith, sb. anvil, C, CM, Sh.; stythe, Prompt.—Icel. steði.
Stiward; see under Sty.
Stobil, sb. stubble, W2; stobul, Prompt.—AF. stuble (Ps. 82. 12, Oxford Psalter): Prov. estobla; OTeut. *stuppula; cp. OF. estoulle (Ps. 82. 13), F. éteule; see Kluge (s.v. stoppel), and BH, § 153.
Stok, sb. stock, stem, trap, the stocks, PP, W2; stoc, S; stokke, PP; stocke, S3; stoke, S2; stokkes, pl., PP; stockis, S2; stokess, S.—AS. stocc.
Prof. Napier maintains that the stokess of the Ormulum cannot be identified with AS. stocc, as the gemination of the consonant persists in the Ormulum. He suggests that stokess means ‘places,’ comparing the use of stoke in place-names, e.g. Wude stoke in Chron. (Earle, p. 249), He also cites in illustration AS. stoc-weard, ‘oppidanus,’ see Leo, p. 206.
Stoken, v. to stab, SkD, C.—OF. estoquer (Ducange).
Stole, sb. stool, P; stool, PP, Prompt.; stoule, PP.—AS. stól.
Stole, sb. a robe, W, Prompt.; stoole (= Lat. stola), W; stolis, pl., W.—Lat. stola.
Stonden; see Standen.
Stonge, pt. pl. stung, S; see Stingen.
Stonien, v. to stun, to make a loud din, to amaze with a blow, SD; stunay, H; stunayd, pp., H; stoynde, S3. See Astonen.
Stoniynge, sb. astonishment, W; stonying, W; stoneyinge, S2; stoynynge, Prompt.
Stont, pr. s. of Standen.
Stony, adj. rocky, Prompt. Comb.: stony see, Adria, the Adriatic Sea, W.—Cp. Ducange ‘adria, petra; adriaticus, petrosus, lapidosus portus.’
Stoon, sb. stone, PP, W2; ston, PP, S, S3; stane, dat., S; stanes, pl., S. Comb.: stoon-stille, still as a stone, G.—AS. stán: Goth. stains.